(Source: Richard MetcalfAlbuquerque Journal, NM (MCT) — Payday loans, widely viewed as a pariah in lending, have gone mainstream with even that most consumerfriendly of financial institutions, the nonprofit credit union, routinely offering a version of them in New Mexico.
The need for emergency credit, which is the essence of a shortterm, low-dollar payday loan, can be common among consumers living paycheck to paycheck. All it takes is a car breakdown or medical emergency.
“Maybe you would never dream of paying an annual percentage rate of 400 percent on a credit card or any other type of loan, but you might do it for a payday loan,” Richard Cordray, director of the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, told a January hearing on payday lending in Birmingham, Ala.
“When you’re desperate, the terms of the loan seem to matter a lot less,” he said. “You need money. You need it now.”
Enter the credit union, whose motto is “Not for profit, not for charity, but for service.”
Emergency financing has long been available from credit unions in the form of automatic coverage of overdrafts in checking accounts. The effect of overdraft coverage is to provide a temporary safety net to members paying expenses greater than their account balance.
But true payday loans have been a conundrum for credit unions for reasons that boil down to risk and reward.
Payday loans are unsecured and don’t require a credit score, thus making them the kind of high-risk lending that credit unions have traditionally avoided. At the same time, the idea of charging high interest rates to cover the risk runs counter to the credit union business model, even if they could.
Interest rates on most if not all credit union loans are capped at an annual percentage rate or APR of 18 percent, which compares to annual interest rates of 200 percent and higher from conventional payday lenders.
A year-and-a-half ago after much deliberation, the National Credit Union Administration enacted a new lending rule specific to “short-term, smallamount loans” designed to be an alternative to conventional payday loans.
The most eye-catching part of the rule was allowing credit unions to charge an annual interest rate of up to 28 percent on these so-called “small loans.” About 400 credit unions, or about 5 percent of the roughly 7,500 nationwide, have offered payday-like loans with interest rates up to 28 percent.
Few credit unions in New Mexico appear to have exceeded the standard 18 percent cap on annual interest rates on their emergency loans.
“We’re out to help our members, not scalp them,” said James Raquet of US New Mexico Federal Credit Union in Albuquerque, which offers a short-term, small-amount loan called an Eagle Advance at 18 percent annual interest.
Four Corners Federal Credit Union in Kirtland has offered a payday-type loan called the Payday Advance Loan or PAL since 2005 and its program has served as a model for similar programs around the country.
The loan limit is $700, payable in four months at an annual interest rat of 18 percent, for members who have direct deposit and have held their current job for at least six months. Members can take out only one PAL at a time, which is a requirement adopted by the NCUA in its October 2010 rule.
Losses from the PAL program at Four Corners FCU are minuscule, only about $100,000 in write-offs on more than $14 million in loans made through the program since 2005, according to CEO Phyllis Crawford.
Crawford attributed the low level of write-offs to Four Corners FCU’s closed membership, which is limited to workers and their extended families at six employers in the area, and the fact that 85 percent of its members are Native Americans.
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